Extracorporeal shockwave therapy | |
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ICD-10-PCS | 6A93 |
ICD-9-CM | 98.5 |
[edit on Wikidata] |
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is a treatment mostly used to treat kidney stones and in physical therapy and orthopedics.[1][2]
Medical uses[edit]
The most common use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is for lithotripsy to treat kidney stones[3] (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver) using an acoustic pulse. It is also reported to be used for salivary stones[4] and pancreatic stones.[5]
In the UK, NICE has found that the evidence for ESWT in the majority of indications is conflicting, as such ESWT should only be used where there are special arrangements for clinical governance and audit.[6] Two 2017 reviews had similar findings, with moderate level evidence at best.[7][8]
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy is used as a second line measure to treat tennis elbow,[9][10] shoulder rotator cuff pain,[11][12]achilles tendinitis,[13][14]plantar fasciitis,[15][16] and greater trochanteric pain syndrome.[17]
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ESWT is also used to promote bone healing and treat bone necrosis.[18] It is an effective alternative to surgical treatment of non-healing fractures.[19]
ESWT is used for wound healing and has shown positive results in short-term and long-term outcomes in diabetic patients suffering from foot ulcers.[20] Randomised controlled trials into the use of ESWT for healing venous leg ulcers are needed as there is a lack of evidence in this area.[21]
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Procedure[edit]
The lithotriptor attempts to break up the stone with minimal collateral damage by using an externally applied, focused, high-intensity acoustic pulse. The patient is usually sedated or anesthetized for the procedure in order to help them remain still and reduce possible discomfort.[22] Sedation is not required in its application for soft tissue injuries.
History[edit]
Beginning in 1969 and funded by the German Ministry of Defense, Dornier began a study of the effects of shock waves on tissue. In 1972, on the basis of preliminary studies performed by Dornier Medical Systems, an agreement was reached with Egbert Schmiedt, director of the urologic clinic at the University of Munich. The development of the Dornier lithotripter progressed through several prototypes, ultimately culminating in February 1980 with the first treatment of a human by SWL.The production and distribution of the Dornier HM3 lithotripter began in late 1983, and SWL was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1984.[23]
In the 1980s people using ESWT for kidney stones noticed that it appeared to increase bone density in nearby bones, leading them to explore it for orthopedic purposes.[24]
Research[edit]
In response to concerns raised by NICE, in 2012 a study called the Assessment of the Effectiveness of ESWT for Soft Tissue Injuries was launched (ASSERT).[6]
As of 2018 use of ESWT had been studied as a potential treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in three small studies; there were short term improvements in symptoms and few adverse effects, but the medium term results are unknown, and the results are difficult to generalize due to low quality of the studies.[25]
Veterinary use[edit]
ESWT is commonly used for treating orthopedic problems in horses, including tendon and ligament injuries, kissing spine, navicular syndrome, and arthritis. The evidence for these uses is weak.[24]
See also[edit]
- Laser lithotripsy : effective for larger stones (> 2 cm) with good stone-free and complication rates.[26]
References[edit]
- ^Wang, Ching-Jen (2012). 'Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders'. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 7 (1): 11. doi:10.1186/1749-799X-7-11. PMC3342893. PMID22433113.
- ^Chung, Bryan; Wiley, J. Preston (2002). 'Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy'. Sports Medicine. 32 (13): 851–865. doi:10.2165/00007256-200232130-00004. PMID12392445.
- ^Srisubat, A; Potisat1, S; Lojanapiwat, B; Setthawong, V; Laopaiboon, M (24 November 2014). 'Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for kidney stones'. The Cochrane Library. 11: CD007044. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007044.pub3. PMID25418417.
- ^'Salivary duct stones: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia'.
- ^Hayes JM, Ding SL (September 2012). 'Pancreatic stone and treatment using ERCP and ESWL procedures: a case study and review'. N. Z. Med. J. 125 (1361): 89–97. PMID22960720.
- ^ abMaffulli G, Hemmings S, Maffulli N (2014). 'Assessment of the Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) For Soft Tissue Injuries (ASSERT): An Online Database Protocol'. Translational Medicine. 10: 46–51. PMC4140430. PMID25147767.
- ^Korakakis, V; Whiteley, R; Tzavara, A; Malliaropoulos, N (27 September 2017). 'The effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in common lower limb conditions: a systematic review including quantification of patient-rated pain reduction'. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 52: 387–407. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-097347. PMID28954794.
- ^Steuri, R; Sattelmayer, M; Elsig, S; Kolly, C; Tal, A; Taeymans, J; Hilfiker, R (September 2017). 'Effectiveness of conservative interventions including exercise, manual therapy and medical management in adults with shoulder impingement: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs'. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 51 (18): 1340–7. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096515. PMC5574390. PMID28630217.
- ^'Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for refractory tennis elbow'. Interventional procedures guidance. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. August 2009. IPG313.
- ^Thiele S, Thiele R, Gerdesmeyer L (2015). 'Lateral epicondylitis: This is still a main indication for extracorporeal shockwave therapy'. International Journal of Surgery. 24: 165–70. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.09.034. PMID26455532.
- ^'Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for calcific tendonitis (tendinopathy) of the shoulder'. Interventional procedures guidance. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. November 2003. IPG21.
- ^Louwerens JK, Sierevelt IN, van Noort A, van den Bekerom MP (2014). 'Evidence for minimally invasive therapies in the management of chronic calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff: a systematic review and meta-analysis'. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 23 (8): 1240–9. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2014.02.002. PMID24774621.
- ^'Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for refractory Achilles tendinopathy'. Interventional procedures guidance. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. August 2009. IPG312.
- ^Wiegerinck JI, Kerkhoffs GM, van Sterkenburg MN, Sierevelt IN, van Dijk CN (2013). 'Treatment for insertional Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review'. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 21 (6): 1345–55. doi:10.1007/s00167-012-2219-8. PMID23052113.
- ^'Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for refractory plantar fasciitis'. Interventional procedures guidance. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. August 2009. IPG311.
- ^Yin MC, Ye J, Yao M, Cui XJ, Xia Y, Shen QX, Tong ZY, Wu XQ, Ma JM, Mo W (2014). 'Is extracorporeal shock wave therapy clinical efficacy for relief of chronic, recalcitrant plantar fasciitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo or active-treatment controlled trials'. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95 (8): 1585–93. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.033. PMID24662810.
- ^'Extracorporeal shockwave therapy for refractory greater trochanteric pain syndrome'. Interventional procedures guidance. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. January 2011. IPG376.
- ^Cheng JH, Wang CJ (2015). 'Biological mechanism of shockwave in bone'. International Journal of Surgery. 24: 143–6. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.059. PMID26118613.
- ^Kong FR, Liang YJ, Qin SG, Li JJ, Li XL (2010). '[Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave to repair and reconstruct osseous tissue framework in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH)]'. Zhongguo Gu Shang (in Chinese). 23 (1): 12–5. PMID20191955.
- ^Wang CJ, Cheng JH, Kuo YR, Schaden W, Mittermayr R (2015). 'Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in diabetic foot ulcers'. International Journal of Surgery. 24: 207–9. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.06.024. PMID26079500.
- ^Cooper, Ben; Bachoo, Paul (2018-06-11). 'Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the healing and management of venous leg ulcers'. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6: CD011842. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011842.pub2. ISSN1469-493X. PMID29889978.
- ^'Lithotrypsy' National Kidney Foundation, Accessed February 6, 2017
- ^'Gastroenterology and Urology Devices; Reclassification of the Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripter AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS ACTION: Proposed rule'. Federal Register (US Government). February 8, 1999. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
- ^ abChamberlain, GA; Colborne, GR (2016). 'A review of the cellular and molecular effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy'. Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology : V.C.O.T. 29 (2): 99–107. doi:10.3415/VCOT-15-04-0057. PMID26846274.
- ^Franco, JV; Turk, T; Jung, JH; Xiao, YT; Iakhno, S; Garrote, V; Vietto, V (26 January 2018). 'Non-pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome'. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1: CD012551. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012551.pub2. PMID29372565.
- ^Aboumarzouk OM, Monga M, Kata SG, Traxer O, Somani BK (Oct 2012). 'Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy for stones >2 cm: a systematic review and meta-analysis'. J Endourol. 26: 1257–63. doi:10.1089/end.2012.0217. PMID22642568.